In this study, three magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequences were used to quantify the anatomical distribution of lesions, to grade DAI according to the Adams grading system, and to evaluate the value of lesion localization in combination with clinical prognostic factors to improve outcome prediction. Diffuse Axonal Injury in Head Trauma Douglas H. Smith, MD; David F. Meaney, PhD; William H. Shull, MD Background: Diffuse axonal injury (DAI) is one of the most common and important pathologic features of traumatic brain injury (TBI). It should be differentiated from focal or multi-focal axonal injury.

diffuse axonal injury; MRI; A young adult patient was brought to the emergency department after a violent motorcycle accident. Neurological examination revealed absent verbal response, eye opening or movements with pain stimulation, and bilateral pupillary miosis. Diffuse axonal injury is one of the most important types of brain damage that can occur as a result of non‐missile head injury, and it may be very difficult to diagnose post mortem unless the pathologist knows precisely what he is looking for. PDF | Diffuse axonal injury (DAI) is a result of traumatic deceleration injury and a frequent cause of persistent vegetative state in patients. Diffuse axonal injury (DAI) is a form of traumatic brain injury. It happens when the brain rapidly shifts inside the skull as an injury is occurring. BACKGROUND Diffuse axonal injury (DAI) is one of the most common and important pathologic features of traumatic brain injury (TBI). Diffuse axonal injury is a significant traumatic brain injury which involves widespread damage to axons in supra- and infratentorial parts of the brain and is graded 1-3, according to the severity of pathology and the likelihood of survival. Axons in the white matter appear to be especially vulnerable to injury due to the mechanical loading of the brain during TBI. diffuse axonal injury to specifically highlight axonal damage due to trauma.9 According to the severity of the pathological features three grades have been attributed to diffuse axonal injury. He classified DAI in a three-step grading system, according to the extent of axonal damage. Black arrows identify other main lesions in associated hDAI, such as contusions in this example. Increasing experience with fatal non‐missile head injury in man has allowed the identification of three grades of diffuse axonal injury. METHODS: This retrospective single center cohort included adult trauma patients (age > 17 years) admitted from 2006 to 2012 with TBI. BACKGROUND: Determine the prognostic impact of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-defined diffuse axonal injury (DAI) after traumatic brain injury (TBI) on functional outcomes, quality of life, and 3-year mortality. Diffuse Axonal Injury in Head Trauma Douglas H. Smith, MD; David F. Meaney, PhD; William H. Shull, MD Background: Diffuse axonal injury (DAI) is one of the most common and important pathologic features of traumatic brain injury (TBI). Representative head CTs demonstrating predominant and associated hemorrhagic diffuse axonal injury (hDAI). The introduction of the high-field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) [10] and the improvement of immunostaining techniques [11] shed light on the mechanisms underlying DAI. Diffuse axonal injury is one of the most important types of brain damage that can occur as a result of non‐missile head injury, and it may be very difficult to diagnose post mortem unless the pathologist knows precisely what he is looking for. Diffuse axonal injury is defined as wide axonal injury with microscopic and macroscopic components, which may only be visible in severe cases upon CT and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). White arrows identify foci of hDAI in (A) predominant hDAI and (B) associated hDAI. Diffuse axonal injury (DAI) is a term originally used to describe the injuries seen as a result of shearing forces that occur with rotational acceleration–deceleration injuries. The susceptibility of axons to mechanical injury appears to be due to both their viscoelastic properties and their high organization in white matter tracts. Clinical outcome after traumatic diffuse axonal injury (DAI) is difficult to predict. Supplemental Data File _.doc_ .tif_ pdf_ etc.__1: Supplemental Figure I. Over the past 70 years, diffuse axonal injury (DAI) has emerged as one of the most common and important pathological features of traumatic brain injury (TBI). Grade I includes pathological features restricted to retraction balls or axonal swelling at characteristic sites in brain. In addition to direct trauma, axons are also damaged by the secondary biochemical cascades occurring over hours to days.