Translocations: A portion of one chromosome is transferred to another chromosome. The causes behind these chromosome abnormalites and the consequences they have for the cell and the organism is the subject of this section. B. There are two main types of translocation. 8 Jun 2013 The result is structural changes in the chromosomes.• Chromosome breakage is caused by X-rays, variouschemicals, and can also occur Chromosomes may break due to: 1) ionizing radiation (physical agent) or 2) chemical compounds. Structural Abnormalities: A chromosome's structure can be altered in several ways. Pieces of DNA can be rearranged within one chromosome or transferred between two or more chromosomes. Duplications: A portion of the chromosome is duplicated, resulting in extra genetic material. Structural changes can occur during the formation of egg or sperm cells, in early fetal development, or in any cell after birth. For our purposes here, we will be … • Changes that affect the structure of a chromosome • These changes can affect many genes along the chromosome and hence disrupt the proteins made from those genes. Ex: Human babies missing a portion of the short arm of chromosome 5 (autosome) have a distinctive cat-like cry; hence, the French name “cri du chat” (cry of the cat) syndrome. 9.2: Changes in Chromosome Structure

(CHOMOSOME MUTATION: CHANGES IN CHROMOSOME STRUCTURE) LECTURE NOTES I. These ends have been described as sticky. Every chromatid break produces two ends. Structural changes in chromosomes : 1.

A. In a reciprocal … 9.1: Changes in Chromosome Number If something goes wrong during cell division, an entire chromosome may be lost and the cell will lack all of these genes. STRUCTURAL CHANGES OF THE Y CHROMOSOME IN THE OFFSPRING OF POLYPLOID MELANDRIUM BY ill. WESTERGAARD COPENHAGEU (Preliminary report) T HE dioecious plant illelandrium album has distinct heteromorphic sex chromosomes, the Y chromosome is longer than the Y chromosome and has a median centromere, whereas X has a submedian centromere … Changes in number of genes (a) Loss : deletion: The simplest result of breakage is the loss of a part of a chromosome. If broken chromatids ends are not brought together the following … The resulting products are also known as chromosomal mutations. Background A. Chromosomal mutations are processes that result in rearranged chromosome parts, abnormal numbers of individual chromosomes, or abnormal numbers of chromosome sets.

Variation in chromosome structure: an overview Changes in chromosome structure and number are called chromosomal aberration or chromosomal mutation. Deletions: A portion of the chromosome is missing or deleted. • They can occur during the formation of an egg or sperm cells , in early fetal development or in any cell after birth.