It is a term used to describe the changes in societies and the world economy that is a result . Increase in Crime Rates With the undue pressure that we’re putting on our cities each day, it is going to be nothing short of a challenge for the governing bodies to manage these sprawling metropolitan areas. This title was first published in 2000: This text demonstrates the mutual effects of, and interconnections between, globalization, urbanization and rural stagnation, both theoretically and empirically. In Zambia, the spirits, motor and textile industries are almost dead. Infrastructure and security determine productivity. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of New Public Management implementation in South Africa. Abstract Social and economic disadvantage - not only poverty, but a host of associated conditions - depresses student performance. 30 A. Urbanisation is bringing people from different ethnocultural backgrounds and different religious beliefs, who have a common goal of economic pursuits, from rural areas to urban centres, and, in the process of attaining economic pursuits, they learn to live with people of other beliefs. 1. Urbanization in Africa presents opportunities, challenges. As the city life pulls in all sorts of people, and allows for all sorts of activities to flourish, criminals, too, find their share of opportunities here. African governments have also made considerable strides in opening their economies to world trade. “We have to be impatient in moving Africa forward,” says Adewunmi Ayodeji Adesina, the President of African Development Bank. The rapid growth is largely leading to overburdening of infrastructures, leading to low-quality life for most people. A good indicator of this is the fact that 31 Sub-Saharan African countries have accepted the obligations of Article VIII of the Fund's Articles of Agreement, almost all of them since 1993. Government agencies, social groups, and civil societies have influential roles in shaping social integration. If there’s one thing we fail to understand, it is the fact that every city has its limits, and burdening it will only cause it to burst at the seams. The African market has become the dumping ground for all kinds of goods from developed countries and from the East, all in the name of free trade. urban containment policy with slower metropolitan area employment growth and slower economic growth. Also called suburban sprawl. Concentrating students with these disadvantages in racially and economically homogenous schools depresses it further. Diversity is not sufficient enough to bring sustained inclusion of the different groups that populate a city. According to Crime Statistics South Africa, in 2013 there were 13,596 cases, which rose to 14,794 cases in 2014, while in 2015, there were 15,720 cases. Proficiency in African languages is declining in the continent because people are compelled to embrace western culture and civilization. While Africa was among the last regions the virus touched, with the first case of COVID-19 reported in Egypt on February 14, 2020, it has more than 34,000 confirmed cases as of the end April (BBC Coronavirus in Africa).South Africa announced its first case of COVID-19 on March 5, 2020 and currently has one of the highest . Living conditions here take a definite beating due to the absence of basic amenities like safe drinking water, clean toilets, and drainage systems. Traffic in cities is a result of urbanization, and African cities must also react by building better roads and developing a better transport system that can cater to a large number of people already living in these cities and those that would surely move in. Are You on a Short Deadline? South Africa is a large country with fairly lengthy intercity travel times by road or rail. From rape and kidnapping to robbery cases in African cities, these are expected to continually rise if the growth in these cities doesn’t commensurate with economic growth. Most South African cities are still very much diverse. Found insideThe influx into the cities has to be subjected to all possible limitations and the Native has to be informed of the disadvantages of urbanisation and the advantages of an own national home. The report also made a crucial distinction ... Urbanization is a process in which the rural population moves into cities and towns. Africa was and continues to be dominated economically as well as politically by external centres of power. Found insideThe project is a collaboration between the Brookings Institution and the Korea Development Institute. Part I of the book looks at key elements of change from a global perspective. The urbanization process has many advantages or benefits for the individuals , families and companies that are involved in it. Today 60 percent of Moroccans reside in urban areas, as opposed to 35 percent in 1970. At some point, this makes way for rebellion. If you are interested in telling stories in an impactful way to help shine a light on a particular issue, we encourage you to review our guidelines available at this link: Click Here. These can be the case for Africa if the rapid growth in these cities is accompanied by the right policies. Found insideNew York Times Bestseller • Notable Book of the Year • Editors' Choice Selection One of Bill Gates’ “Amazing Books” of the Year One of Publishers Weekly’s 10 Best Books of the Year Longlisted for the National Book Award for ... Traffic congestion is a perennial problem, with no feasible solution foreseeable in the near future. Hire a Professional to Get Your 100% Plagiarism Free Paper. According to the . Talking about jobs – Security definitely goes hand-in-hand with infrastructure. Now, pressing issue that arises is that in most cases, the urban areas cannot supply as many job openings as required, which results . The percentage of people living in urban areas in South Africa rose from 25% in 1921, to a full 50% in 1980. development were low throughout most of Africa, South and East Asia. However, most African cities have jumped this critical industrialization stage needed for economic growth. . Found inside – Page 313Informal employment is high in Africa. Source: Sinha (2018). the extent that the urban–rural divide is widened rather than narrowed. Hence, the link between urbanization and industrialization weakens significantly, as evidenced in ... Due to urbanization foreign companies having international presence come to set up their companies because these companies want all facilities and in rural or semi-urban areas these facilities are not present and hence urbanization promotes foreign direct investment which in turn helps in improving the. There are various reasons why South Africa currently has a water pollution problem. Thanks for reading and for your interest in Africa. Reducing undernutrition requires improving access to goods and services from a wide range of economic and social sectors, including agriculture, education and health. Opportunities for Social and Cultural Integration. this is really helpful,its a kinda self explanatory,thanks so much, Very useful and well summarised, thanks alot and please continue helping us, It was very useful and helpful for my presentation all the points were well summarised and thanks alot, Well summarised, it helps me alot as i was struggling with my assignment, It really helped me by knowing such a good knowledge, Has covered all different aspects. Urbanization is the process of people moving out from rural areas to cities and urban areas. To some degree, "urbanization" (people living together in groups), has been taking place since ancient times. It is estimated that Lagos has nearly doubled over 15 years to 21 million people and it’s said to double, according to some reports, by 2050. Crush, J. and B. Frayne. This is where these infrastructural challenges become opportunities for investors. While the diversity of African cities hinders easy generalizations, one can still take note of some of the opportunities and challenges of urbanization in these cities. Costs of food, transportation, rents, and other necessities are perpetually on the rise, as their demand keeps exceeding the supply. Most major cities usually go through the industrialization stage. The promise of jobs and prosperity, among other factors, pulls people to cities. Since people in rural areas are more superstitious and follow old age traditions like child marriages, black magic, gender bias and so on which leads to many problems but due to urbanization when these people come to cities slowly they began to come out of their regressive attitude. African cities are expected to be the fasting growing cities in the world, with urban population expected to double in about 16 years. Less than one person in three in sub-Saharan Africa was an urban dweller. Innovations through partnerships and interdependence of various cultural groups in cities have contributed immensely to improving the quality of life of urban populations and to enhance the critical and catalytic roles of urban centres in rural development and transformation. The urban population’s daily commute costs the planet hard, with public transport systems failing to deliver, or people simply choosing luxury over sensibility and using private cars, which add to the emission of toxic fumes. Spending on clothes and other basic necessities will be fueled by low-income households, who will make up the majority of these African cities. Found inside – Page 1This report by UNICEF reveals that not all children in cities benefit from the so-called ‘urban advantage’—the notion that higher incomes, better infrastructure, and proximity to services grant urban children advantages over rural ... Found insidespecific benefits and disadvantages of cobblestone roads. ... and provides the mainimpetus for writing thisbook: the needtocreate a completely new urban infrastructure paradigm for African secondary townsand cities. Huge cities create enormous amounts of waste, and the urban lifestyle includes creation of waste that is mostly non-biodegradable, thanks to the generous use of plastic wares. There will be a growing consumer class that will drive the demand for goods and services. Difference between International and Domestic Business. All the countries of the world have been facing this issue for some time now. It has been predicted that by the year 2050, 70% of the human population on Earth will live in cities [sc:1]. Economic dividends from cities can be passed down to rural areas as businesses and individual consumers in the city demand more agricultural products, which, in turn, could reduce poverty in these rural areas. Opportunities, or rather, their limited nature, translates into unemployment. African cities are there to exemplify the cultural, social, and religious diversity that is seen as fundamental characteristics of countries that will develop economically and socially in an era when the global world is interdependent. 3.3 CBD/OBD is the commercial heart of the city. These issues - along with climate change, waste, water and other topics -- are explored in the April 2013 issue of the IIED journal Environment and Urbanization, published today. This will lead to a decrease in population in that area. African cities will continue to play a vital role in creating a socially-inclusive environment as they grow rapidly. These things will lead to restlessness and would result in higher crime rates. This edition highlights how intra-African migration is of relevance to the agenda for regional and continental integration and shows that there are still many knowledge gaps, including on the relationship between migration, economic and ... Access is still the greatest challenge to health care delivery in Africa. As seen in Figure 1, by 2050 Africa's young population, i.e., those aged between 0 and 24 years old, will increase by nearly 50 percent. Causes of Air Pollution In South Africa. The decrease in rural population effects the agricultural productions due to shortage of workers in rural areas. Topics: South Africa, Economics, Africa Pages: 2 (759 words) Published: May 19, 2011. This has caused alienation Urbanization has been defined by Nsiah-Gyabaah (u.d.) Urban sprawl often leads to negative consequences. (b) An urbanizing world. This book is the result of contributions, help and support from numerous people and several agencies. Advantages and Disadvantages of Globalization on South Africa. unplanned low-density development surrounding an urban area that often starts as rural land. The Global Risks 2015 Report looks at four areas that face particularly daunting challenges in the face of rapid and unplanned urbanization: infrastructure, health, climate change, and social instability. Densely populated areas, coupled with a scant regard for environmental laws add to the woes. A good indicator of this is the fact that 31 Sub-Saharan African countries have accepted the obligations of Article VIII of the Fund's Articles of Agreement, almost all of them since 1993. Mind-boggling stats, but I can only speak for my street. As a result of these, countries are faced with shortage of jobs. Large cities are mostly places where cultural diversity flourishes. Found inside – Page 185South Africa's Challenge Derik Gelderblom, Pieter Kok, P. C. Kok. rate . Furthermore , urbanisation can ... The disadvantages of urbanisation for a country in general are relatively few . As pointed out by Kok ( 1985 ) the gradual ... Found insidePoverty in a Rising Africa documents the data challenges and systematically reviews the evidence on poverty from monetary and nonmonetary perspectives, as well as a focus on dimensions of inequality. having to do with city life. Cities in developing countries, in particular, are home to the neo-urban dwellers, and are seen to be bearing the maximum brunt of it all. A Resource Guide to Housing in South Africa 1994-2010: Legislation, Policy, Programmes and Practice. Found inside – Page 265(2003) “In search of the urban-rural front-line in post-war Mozambique and Angola,” Environment & Urbanisation, vol. ... London Routledge: Knauder, S. (1994) Globalization, Urban Progress, Urban Problems, Rural Disadvantages: Evidence ... As The World Bank puts it in the overview article for the Urbanization in Africa: Trends, Promises, and Challenges event in 2015, “The continent’s urbanization rate, the highest in the world, can lead to economic growth, transformation, and poverty reduction. Extreme affluence and acute poverty live right next to each other in the cities, albeit grudgingly. This overview includes chapters on child mortality, adult mortality, fertility, proximate determinants, marriage, internal migration, international migration, and the demographic impact of AIDS. Explain the positive and negative factors of…. In order to get a better idea about the concept of urbanization one should look at some of the advantages and disadvantages of urbanization –. The study also found that there has been an increase in South Africa's . Benefits of urban trees. Let a Professional Writer Help You, © New York Essays 2021. OF URBANIZATION IN WEST AFRICA Unlocking productivity and livability in three West African cities Cities have many advantages. Adjective. urban sprawl. Our content is produced in collaboration between Africa.com’s editorial team and our partners — including non-governmental organizations, private sector stakeholders, agencies, and institutions. Traffic congestion worsens with more people moving into these cities. In Pietermaritzburg, the crime rate has been on the increase year-on-year. Also, there is a shortage of trained health care professionals from Africa because many of them prefer to live and work in places . Without infrastructure, there can’t be jobs for these vibrant youths, and without jobs, there would likely be a rise in crime and other nefarious activities. While this modernization has many positive aspects, there are concerns about long term effects on countries and their populations. In Tanzania the leather and textile industries have almost collapsed. The urbanization crisis in developing countries is characterized by high rate of over population, The guide is aimed primarily at urban planners, but older citizens can use it to monitor progress towards more age-friendly cities. Let’s get back to the broader society. Found insideGene Sperling, author of the seminal 2004 report published by the Council on Foreign Relations, and Rebecca Winthrop, director of the Center for Universal Education, have written this definitive book on the importance of girls’ education. Disadvantages of Hosting Major Sporting Events. For example, urbanization drives economic . Noun. least urbanized region in the world. Africa is definitely at a tipping point; the coin is on its side and about to fall, but African leaders have the real chance to decide which side of this coin shows up. Africa, a continent exceptionally rich in biodiversity, is rapidly urbanizing. For example, urbanization drives economic . Africa is not prepared for this urban explosion. The book identifies potential risks to business and offers mitigation strategies. Globalization is the "shrinking" of the world and the increased consciousness of the world as a whole. Disadvantages of Urbanization: The rapid inflows of rural population to urban places give rise to housing problem and thus slums are developed in these places. Many of the youth in these cities are plugged into social media and know what they are missing out on. New markets would not only arise in infrastructural needs. Unemployment rates rise as a result of causing people to . Those government services points that were well capacitated were mostly in the urban area's and served the needs of a minority. Deftly managing densely populated areas is next to impossible, which raises issues regarding civic duties; law and order, in particular. Urbanization is often linked to economic prosperity. As the population spirals out of control, the disenchantment is bound to increase, resulting in a flare-up of sorts. This volume identifies the key developments to watch and discusses the policies which would affect the course as well as the fruitfulness of change. Noun. African governments have also made considerable strides in opening their economies to world trade. Disadvantages of Urbanization As people continue to move to urban areas, pollution becomes a major issue in cities. A paper published in the PNAS states that unsustainable urbanization will have disastrous effects on global ecosystems. In urban areas there is better access to public health and general . For example, traveling from Cape Town to Johannesburg takes 18 hours by bus, 30 hours by train, or just two hours by air. Over the past 20 years, China experienced an ever-accelerating process of urbanization. Over the past forty years, Latin American cities have boomed. This isn’t necessarily bad news. Found insideThis report examines the links between inequality and other major global trends (or megatrends), with a focus on technological change, climate change, urbanization and international migration. discussed urbanization as the migration of people in large numbers from rural to urban areas and occurs mainly because of the . Let me help you understand this with my experience of going to work in the morning in the city of Lagos. Some of perceived causes of water pollution in this sub-Saharan nation include: Urbanization, Industrialization, and climate change. This has caused alienation It’s not just because there are so many people going to work in the morning, which, of course, is part of the reason, but because of the bad roads in some places. For everything from news and culture to technology, business, education, entertainment, and travel, AFRICA.COM is here to help you stay smart about the continent. As a result, domestic air travel remains a reliable transportation option for getting around South Africa. : 382 million… Immense pressure on land and transport infrastructure The average person can name more bird species than they think, but do we really know what a bird “species” is? This open access book takes up several fascinating aspects of bird life to elucidate this basic concept in biology. With sustained urban-rural links, a development pipeline will flow from both sides, thereby making them interdependent in numerous ways. An interesting feature of urbanization in the country is the degree to which the different population groups have . Cities are the best places to view examples of economic inequality, where the rich keep getting richer, with the poor remaining the way they are. Found inside – Page 48I argue that the concept usefully elucidates the nature of social disadvantage in post - apartheid South Africa , and more particularly the city of Johannesburg , especially if it is understood in spatial terms , that is , in relation ... In 2050, the continent will have the largest number of . A study conducted by Statistics South Africa in 2006 found that the population of Sub Saharan in 2010 will double by the year 2050 and that 40 percent of this population will be living in the urban areas. Many African countries spend less than 10% of their GDP on health care. They will grow evermore into the focal point of industrial and post-industrial economic growth. With this population growth centered in and around the urban areas, the problems are further narrowed. The swelling population makes every commodity pricey, and at the same time, leads to an influx of low-grade substitutes of food products, water, and even medical supplies. Opportunity to Accelerate Industrialization and Reduce Poverty Levels. But usually, it is known to cause hindrances in developing nations. The Montreal Olympics was estimated to have cost $120 . Its fab …. Africa's poor infrastructure is slowing its economic development, says a recent UN report. Businesses can address areas of need for city-settlers like health, housing, water supply, energy, connectivity, and education. That's twice as many as in Latin America. Found insideThis book is written for national and local policymakers, private sector actors, civil society, researchers and development partners in Central America and all around the world interested in learning more about the opportunities that ... Africa is rapidly urbanizing. Population Explosion Countries experiencing a steady growth in population have their specific problems to deal with. It says more than half of Africa’s population are under the age of 18, and 19% are between the ages of 15 and 24 years old. This volume explores some of the complex development challenges associated with the recent and rapid pace of urbanisation across Africa. As the safety concerns increase, it is ultimately the citizens who have to bear the consequences. Large urban trees are excellent filters for urban pollutants and fine particulates. The edited collection African Multilingualisms fills this gap by presenting results from recent and ongoing research based on fieldwork in rural African environments as well as environments characterized by contact between urban and rural ... Today, more than three-fourths of the US population lives in an urban area (defined generally as an incorporated territory with a population of at least 2,500), and less than one-fourth lives in a rural area. Africa's urbanization is manifest in the growth of its megacities as well as that of its smaller towns and cities. Slums are urban areas that are heavily populated with substandard housing and very poor living conditions. How COVID-19 changed community engagement in South Africa's low income areas October 20, 2020 10.52am EDT Myrna van Pinxteren , Christopher J Colvin , University of Cape Town Urbanization as the name suggests is the process where people from rural or semi-urban areas move to metro cities in search of better opportunities for growth and income as when the GDP of the country is growing then cities grow much faster than villages and people want to take benefit of this divergence in growth in cities and villages. urban areas would hit over 61% by the year 2030 (UNFPA, 2007; Jiboye, 2011). 1. Many aspects of urban change in recent decades are unprecedented, including the world's level of urbanization and the size of its urban population, the number of countries becoming more urbanized and the size and number of very large cities. Costs of the Olympics have a tendency to rise over time and be much greater than expected. Urbanization (or urbanisation) refers to the population shift from rural to urban areas, the corresponding decrease in the proportion of people living in rural areas, and the ways in which societies adapt to this change. Chairperson of Chairpersons of Operating License Boards of South Africa Department of Roads and Transport, Limpopo, South Africa Cell: 082 377 4712, drnevhu@telkomsa.net . Okay, we might be going narrow too fast. Street crimes go on to become common as the authorities find it tough to patrol cities that are crowded beyond limits. In 1950, 40 percent of the region's population was urban, but by 1990 it was up to 70 percent. Allowing history to guide us, in the 18th and 19th centuries, urbanization and industrialization propelled Europe and the United States to prominence and spurred economic transformation; it transformed these regions into economic powers. Further, during the last decade there was a pronounced net domestic migration toward lower cost housing metropolitan areas from higher cost areas. Hence from the above one can see that urbanization has got benefits as well as it has its limitations, but if the government is awake then it can eradicate the disadvantages of urbanization and take benefit from it to build a better nation. A hundred years ago, only 20 percent of the world's population lived in urban areas, but the 20th century saw a dramatic shift that marks a turning point in history. Helped me with my presentation. 2011. Socio-Economic Rights Institute of South Africa. Some of the advantages and disadvantages of urbanization are as given below. It is claimed that the Africans did not have the political sophistication and organizational ability to build urban cities but rather lived in isolated settlements prior to the colonial era (Hull 1976: 48). The rapidly increasing number of arrivals to the cities are proving to be unmanageable to the authorities, owing to lack of resources and organizational skills. Mario Pezzini, director of the OECD’s Development Centre, said, “It is not possible to separate these issues…What we are really talking about is how do you create conditions and services, not only to provide a better quality of life, which is crucial, but also to create opportunities for economic development…If you don’t create infrastructure, the jobs will not be there.”. The share of Africans living in urban areas is projected to grow from 36 percent in 2010 to 50 percent by 2030. . Today, about 80 percent of the region's population lives in cities, making Latin America the world's most urbanized region. 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