As one of the first revolutionary institutions, the Pasdaran helped legitimize the Revolution and gave the new government an armed basis of support. [64][65], The fallen include General Hossein Hamadani,[66] Farshad Hosounizadeh (IRGC colonel and former commander of the Saberin Special Forces Brigade), Mostafa Sadrzadeh (commander of the Omar Battalion of the Fatmiyoon Brigade), and Hamid Mojtaba Mokhtarband (IRGC commander). Iran uses proxies to forge a new political and military order in the Middle East. Those who pass proceed to advanced training courses on logistics and support as well as advanced weapons skills. The United States unsuccessfully targeted Abdul Reza Shahlai in Yemen on the same day of, The report came from "officers in Iran's Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC), as well as websites affiliated with it", according to an unsympathetic source (, sfn error: no target: CITEREFAlfoneh2012 (, Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps sardars, Army of the Guardians of the Islamic Revolution, Aerospace Force of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps, Navy of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps, Ground Forces of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps, List of equipment of the Navy of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps, List of aircraft of the Aerospace Force of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps, List of senior officers of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps, Learn how and when to remove this template message, Iranian intervention in Iraq (2014–present), International military intervention against ISIL, Washington Institute for Near East Policy, Controversies surrounding the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps, attack on commercial ships in the Gulf of Oman, "The Supreme Leader and the Guard: Civil-Military Relations and Regime Survival in Iran", "Iran's Supreme Leader Replaces Head of Revolutionary Guards", "Khamenei names new chief for Iran's Revolutionary Guards", "Commander-in-chief of Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps", "The Consequences of a Strike on Iran: The Iranian Revolutionary Guard Corps Navy", "Iran's Basij Force – The Mainstay of Domestic Security. �Q�}�1$� O��� �!U��� �H��J��7��(��f�5�j�($|�F�}��VG?�����#����?�� ��r�CF�H�G�����}Ì��/�îz����ם�Ff��~ [28] The third goal is to support states that attack enemies of Iran. He is also the IRGC’s most-photographed commander. . In this book, Annie Tracy Samuel provides an innovative and compelling history of this organization, and by using the Iran-Iraq War as a focal point, analyzes the links between war and revolution. PMU fighters are deployed and garrisoned at different places and are sometimes collocated withIranian personnel. Saudi Arabia’s former ambassador to the United States, Khalid bin Salman, called on the international community to meet the Iranian threat and take the rhetoric of Iranian leaders seriously. The Iranian Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC), also known as the Pasdaran, is a unique military institution created to secure the ideals of Iran's revolution as well its territory. The United States has imposed incremental economic sanctions on the IRGC in recent years. english name Iranian Revolutionary Guard Corps - IRGC original name Pasdaran-e Inqilab date 1988 since. As ex–CIA operative Robert Baer masterfully shows, Iran has maneuvered itself into the elite superpower ranks by exploiting Americans’ false perceptions of what Iran is—by letting us believe it is a country run by scowling religious ... A 125,000-man force, it also controls . [39], Today, many Iranian leaders look to the final days of Israel’s existence. The. The Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) was founded as an ideological custodian of Iran's 1979 revolution. Early in his adulthood, Khomeini named the UnitedStates the “Great Satan,” a moniker that endures today. 1 (Autumn 2000), 24, https://doi.org/10.2307/2676479. [63]Seth J. Frantzman, “Strange Bedfellows,” Jerusalem Post, 7 May 2008. For young, poor Shia, Major General Soleimani is revered as a father figure. [34]Mohammad Reza Ahmadi, “The World Domination System and Soft War against Islamic Revolution,” Misagh-e Basij Mostazafin Quarterly 2, no.7 (Fall 2009): 92; and “Imam Khamenei, ‘U.S. The U.S. Department of the Treasury’s Office of Foreign Assets Control designated the IRGC a foreign terrorist organization in October 2017, and the U.S. Department of State followed in April 2019. After Israel’s withdrawal from southern Lebanon in 2000, Hezbollah became a major political party and was hailed as a victor to Shia Muslims around the world. Includes ground forces, navy, air force, intelligence and special forces. [54], 194 IRGC troops have been killed in Syria; almost all of these soldiers were officers, with several even reaching the rank of Brigadier. [96] Abbas Milani, director of Iranian Studies at Stanford University, believes the Guards’ power actually exceeds that of Supreme Leader Ayatollah Khamenei. While their leaders disagree on many issues, they dread the prospect of Iran obtaining nuclear weapons and fear its burgeoning conventional capability. "[18], In May 2019, the United States accused the IRGC of being "directly responsible" for an attack on commercial ships in the Gulf of Oman. . Echoing those sentiments, former U.S. national security advisor John R. Bolton opined that the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action, the 2015 agreement by which the United States released billions of dollars in exchange for Iran’s postponing weaponizing its nuclear program, was the “worst act of appeasement in American history.”[51] Israeli prime minister Benjamin Netanyahu stressed in 2018 that Iran has been persistently and aggressively developing its nuclear weapons program. 7585, Middle East Media Research Institute, 25 July 2018. On 17 January 2020, the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) which mistakenly shot down a Ukrainian passenger plane, were protected by Ali Khamenei in the Friday sermon. 5716, Middle East Media Research Institute, 20 April 2014. [18]Borzou Daragahi, “Iranian Assassins Are Back with a Vengeance, or So It Seems,” Daily Beast, 13 July 2018. The Iranian Revolutionary Guard Corps reality that Biden must recognize. [8]James Poulos, “Iran’s Expansionist Aims Pose Problems for U.S.: James Poulos,” Daily News (Los Angeles, CA), 12 August 2017. �(�R*u�Q������kk=��*8�������}�����rx� �3iJ�sZ`��\���(�6\M�����������
����*�.��-��9t�wk����������?���JB�%xc�ϝ�#_���V(�mly��5qO�;�GJ-�$W|d3�san�5w5/ui���Nj�Ř2Z�Dz��a��s�;D(6�y^o��1/e^|sF���y]������l����%q�A���:�]]�q�ǧp�Qpޕ=���q犍D����µ��� ������Y�nl� In many Middle Eastern states—particularly Iraq, Lebanon, and Syria—Iran’s military presence is evident. Please try to keep recent events in historical perspective and add more content related to non-recent events. [116] It also recruits and trains for the IRGC’s Qods Force in Arabic-speaking countries, including Iraq and Yemen. Iran's Islamic Revolutionary Guards Corps (IRGC) — also known as the Pasdaran (Persian for "guards") — was initially created by Ayatollah Khomeini during the 1978-1979 Islamic Revolution as an ideological guard for the nascent regime. "[74][76] The statement by revolutionary guards did not mention how they recognized it as an Israeli drone. Schools teach the Persian language, and Iran subsidizes the tuition and food costs of many students between the ages of 8 and 15, each of whom receives a $20 monthly stipend for attending. Another hero of World War II was Vasily Zaitsev, the acclaimed sniper of the Soviet Union who boasted 225 kills during the Battle of Stalingrad, 11 of whom were German snipers. Iran, too, has a war hero who stands far taller than others—62-year-old Major General Qassem Soleimani. The Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) is tasked with preserving the Islamic Republic of Iran and the ideals of the 1979 revolution. Iran can never have nuclear weapons—not against the [United States] and not against the world.” Nonetheless, Iranian political and military leaders have underscored their determination to meet all challenges and pursue their objectives at home and abroad. https://doi.org/10.36304/ExpwMCUP.2019.01. A significant number of those holding refugee status today were born in Iran but are not eligible for citizenship and are denied essential services. (12 March 2015). [11]Ilan Berman, “Iran Courts Latin America,” Middle East Quarterly 19, no. According to a "former senior Middle Eastern intelligence officer", "they have their own schools, their own markets, their own neighborhoods, their own resorts. In this CSIS report, Seth G. Jones analyzes Iran's irregular, conventional, economic, and soft power--as well as its domestic stability--to lay out a containment strategy aimed at curbing Iranian expansion and encouraging its political ... [122]Graeme Lamb, “The Bloody Battle in Yemen Shows Iran Is Intent on Dominating the Middle East,” Telegraph, 2 September 2016. [76]Kakar, “Khamenei Praises Afghans Martyred in Syria, Iraq.”. Fakhrizadeh was believed to be the primary force behind Iran's covert nuclear program for many decades. Some Afghans serving in the Fatemiyoun find a path to citizenship in Iran for themselves and their families. That attack was later celebrated by a deputy commander of the IRGC, who proclaimed, “In 1983, the flames of Islamic revolution flared among Lebanese youth for the first time, and in a courageous act, a young Muslim buried 260 United States Marines under the rebels east of Mediterranean Sea.”. [121] Lieutenant General Sir Graeme Lamb, former head of United Kingdom Special Forces, opined that Iran’s involvement in Yemen is one element of its Middle East strategy to promote civil unrest and establish a power vacuum, which allows Iranian forces and its proxies to fill that void and build security that favors Iran. [79], In Pakistan, it is sometimes dangerous for Shia to participate in Ashura processions, an essential Shia ritual, without fear of harassment or attack. These include the control of smuggling, control of the Strait of Hormuz, and resistance operations. [1]Al-Hosseini, an affiliate with regime circles, as quoted in Yossi Mansharof andE. Iran subsidizes building new mosques to be run under the direct or indirect control of Teheran. [109]Matt M. Matthews, We Were Caught Unprepared: The 2006 Hezbollah-Israeli War (Fort Leavenworth, KS: Combat Studies Institute Press, 2008), 6; and Augustus Richard Norton, “Hizballah and the Israeli Withdrawal from Southern Lebanon,” Journal of Palestine Studies 30 no. [73], Iran revolutionary guards said that they had shot down an Israeli drone approaching the Natanz nuclear facility. Israel offered no comment. Some of its proxies and outposts in Lebanon and Syria have been battered by Israeli aircraft, and much of its external funding has been cut by international sanctions. [112]Hanin Ghaddar and Nader Uskowi, “Hezbollah Losing Its Luster Under Soleimani,” Policywatch 2977, Washington Institute for Near East Policy, 22 February 2017; and Ben Schaefer, “The Cyber Party of God: How Hezbollah Could Transform Cyberterrorism,” Georgetown Security Studies Review, 11 May 2018. [31] The IRGC is intended to complement the more traditional role of the regular Iranian military, with the two forces operating separately and focusing on different operational roles. [citation needed], Also contained under the umbrella of the more conventional Pasdaran, were the Basij Forces (Mobilization Resistance Force), a network of potentially up to a million active individuals who could be called upon in times of need. [67]Amir Toumaj, “IRGC Commander Discusses Afghan Militia, ‘Shia Liberation Army,’ and Syria,” FDD’s Long War Journal, 24 August 2016. The IRGC has both domestic and external missions. It is a critical factor affecting the future of Iraq as well. According to the plan, each of Iran's thirty provinces will have a provincial corps, except Tehran Province, which will have two.[39]. [8] The IRGC currently controls several divisions of foreign fighters, just as the Soviets led international brigades in the Spanish Civil War and the Nazis commanded non-German Schutzstaffel (SS) divisions during World War II. [89]U.S. Department of the Treasury, “Treasury Designates Iranian Ministry of Intelligence and Security for Human Rights Abuses and Support for Terrorism,” press release, 16 February 2012. Since the early days of the Islamic Republic, the IRGC has tried to disseminate Khomeini’s ideas, particularly to states with significant Shia populations. [56]Ed Blanche, “Iran Set to Extend Its Influence in Iraq: In the Uncertain Aftermath of the Iran Nuclear Agreement, What Happens Next in Iraq Will Determine How Events in the Middle East Unfold,” Middle East, August 2015. 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