Watson attributes her emphasis on the interpersonal and transpersonal qualities of congruence, empathy, and warmth to the views of Carl Rogers and more recent writers of transpersonal psychology. (See Table 7-1 [p. 97] for the original carative factors and for caritas process interpretation. Food, elimination, and ventilation are examples of lower-order biophysical needs, whereas activity, inactivity, and sexuality are considered lower-order psychophysical needs. Provision for Supportive, Protective, and Corrective Mental, Physical, Sociocultural, and Spiritual Environment. This relationship is at the core of the theory because it is … Her second book, Nursing: Human Science and Human Care—A Theory of Nursing, published in 1985 and reprinted in 1988 and 1999, addressed some conceptual and philosophical problems in nursing. The development of a helping-trust relationship between the nurse and patient is crucial for trans-personal caring. is defined as a high level of overall physical, mental, and social functioning; general adaptive-maintenance level of daily functioning; and the absence of illness … After graduation in 1961, she married her husband, Douglas, and moved west to his native state of Colorado. Assessment of the patient would also entail formulating a hypothesis based on the probable cause of illness stating clearly all the variables(in this case causative factors) in the data that will be used in determining the most appropriate method of treating the particular ailment(Watson & Watson Caring Science Institute 2009). I was used to some previous service where they charged me an average of 50usd a page, here, i can order assignments with up to $15 a page, For the unit four Complete assignment, write a narrative statement, Scenario: A close friend has a young child who has been diagnosed with a learning disability, Identify and explain key points throughout out your lifespan. “The promotion and acceptance of the expression of positive and negative feelings”, “Being present to, and supportive of, the expression of positive and negative feelings as a connection with deeper spirit and self and the one-being-cared for”, 6. Provision for Supportive, Protective, and Corrective Mental, Physical, Sociocultural, and Spiritual Environment Her first book, Nursing: The Philosophy and Science of Caring (1979), was developed from her notes for an undergraduate course taught at the University of Colorado. These play an important part in creatingan environment for healing. Disease in turn creates more disharmony” (Watson, 1985, 1988, p. 48). She defined person as except a Personhood b Mind body soul c Human can be from BIOCHEM 1333 at University of Notre Dame I love the fact that you can use the same writer for all your assignments! Finally, in 1999, she assumed the nation’s first Murchison-Scoville Endowed Chair of Caring Science and currently is a distinguished professor of nursing. Carative Factors Promotion of Interpersonal Teaching-Learning In 1981 and 1982, she pursued international sabbatical studies and diverse learning experiences in New Zealand, Australia, India, Thailand, and Taiwan; in 2005, she took a sabbatical for a walking pilgrimage in the Spanish El Camino. After Watson completed her doctoral degree, she joined the School of Nursing faculty of the University of Colorado Health Sciences Center in Denver, where she has served in both faculty and administrative positions. In her theory of human caring Watson defines nursing as a human science of persons and human health-illness experiences that are mediated by professional personal scientific esthetic and ethical human transactions (Basavanthappa 2007 p105). Watson explains that concepts, defined as building blocks of theory (Watson, 1988), bring new meaning to the paradigm of nursing and were “derived from clinically inducted, empirical experiences, combined with my philosophical, intellectual and experiential background; thus my early work emerged from my own values, beliefs, and perceptions about personhood, life, health, and healing …” (Watson, 1997, p. 49). CREDENTIALS AND BACKGROUND OF THE THEORIST Douglas, whom Watson describes not only as her physical and spiritual partner, but also as her best friend, died in 1998. the humanistic paradigm. This makes the patients feel appreciated and as a part and parcel of the medical care system.Through the one on one interaction between the nurse and the patient the nurse is able to identify the condition of the patient better and this puts him on a better platform to give the most appropriate recommendation. degree of congruence between self as perceived and the self as experienced. Most recently, Watson describes assumptions for a Transpersonal Caring Relationship extending to multidisciplinary practitioners: Moral commitment, intentionality, and caritas consciousness by the nurse protect, enhance, and potentiate human dignity, wholeness, and healing, thereby allowing a person to create or co-create his/her own meaning for existence. Health She also has a broad view of environment: “the caring science is not only for sustaining humanity, but also for sustaining the planet … Belonging is to an infinite universal spirit world of nature and all living things; it is the primordial link of humanity and life itself, across time and space, boundaries and nationalities” (Watson, 2003, p. 305). 7. As nurses acknowledge their sensitivity and feelings, they become more genuine, authentic, and sensitive to others (Watson, 1979). Douglas, whom Watson describes not only as her physical and spiritual partner, but also as her best friend, died in 1998. This concept is helpful in classifying the body of nursing knowledge as a separate science. The nurse must recognize that intellectual and emotional understandings of a situation differ (Watson, 1979). The sharing of feelings is a risk-taking experience for both nurse and patient. be integrated into professional nursing education (Sakalys & Watson, 1986). She has used human science, empirical phenomenology, and transcendent phenomenology in her work. Based on this theory the core aim of human caring entails a giving-receiving model in which the nurse and the patient interact and experience each other through the mental physical or spiritual contacts or a combination of all three spheres. Watson's main concepts include the 10 carative factors (see box below or Table 7-1), and transpersonal healing and transpersonal caring relationship, caring moment, caring occasion, caring healing modalities, caring consciousness, caring consciousness energy, and phenomenal file/unitary consciousness. The nurse recognizes the biophysical, psychophysical, psychosocial, and intrapersonal needs of self and patient. Watson believes that caring is an interpersonal process between two people with transpersonal dimensions. This new book written by Jean Watson, a highly regarded visionary of nursing theory reestablishes the critical balance between caring and curing. Her theory calls upon nurses to go beyond procedures, tasks, and techniques used in practice settings, coined as the “trim” of nursing, in contrast to the “core” of nursing, meaning those aspects of the nurse-patient relationship resulting in a therapeutic outcome that are included in the transpersonal caring process (Watson, 2005; Watson, 2007). Primary healthcare is promoted through development or creation of trust in human relationships. Each carative factor and, more recently, the clinical caritas processes describe the caring process of how a patient attains or maintains health or dies a peaceful death. The Jean Watsons theory of human caring explains the role of nursing and related caring actions taken by those in the profession as well as how they interact with others. This theory sheds light on the transpersonal caring in nursing profession and how it achieves the ultimate care and cure goals for a patient. 14). It contains broad ideas and addresses health-illness phenomena. This factor can be defined as satisfaction through giving and extension of the sense of self (Watson, 1979). Watson has received several research and advanced education federal grants and awards and numerous university and private grants and extramural funding for her faculty and administrative projects and scholarships in human caring. The Watsons idea of providing support care and protection to the patient facilitates human connections. humanistic and altruistic values are learned early in life but can influenced greatly by nurse educators. The nurse facilitates this process with teaching-learning techniques that are designed to enable patients to provide self-care, determine personal needs, and provide opportunities for their personal growth (Watson, 1979). It creates a platform for respect in the profession since the communication between the patient and the nurse is professional in nature. Watson points out that Carl Rogers’ phenomenological approach, with his view that nurses are not here to manipulate and control others but rather to understand, was profoundly influential at a time when “clinicalization” (therapeutic control and manipulation of the patient) was considered the norm (Watson, personal communication, August 31, 2000). Non-possessive warmth is demonstrated by: a moderate speaking volume, a relaxed open posture, and facial expressions that are congruent with other communications. concepts relevant to the internal environment include the mental and spirtual well being and sociocultural beliefs of an individual. It involves congruence, empathy, non-possessive warmth, and effective communication. the nursing process is similar to the research process in that it is systematic and organized. This factor, incorporating humanistic and altruistic values, facilitates the promotion of holistic nursing care and positive health within the patient population. The environment should also be supportive of the individuals potential development. She believes that the increasingly complex requirements of the healthcare system and patient needs require nurses to have a broad, liberal education. According to Watsons theory provision of primary health care and health promotion is given in a new dimension. Covers the work of those who have been central to nursing theory for decades as well as many newer theorists. The text draws content from topics such as philosophy, conceptual models and the middle range theories of nursing. The nurse seeks to recognize, accurately detect, and connect with the inner condition of spirit of another through genuine presence and by being centered in the caring moment; actions, words, behaviors, cognition, body language, feelings, intuition, thoughts, senses, the energy field, and so forth, all contribute to the transpersonal caring connection. In addition to epidemiological variables, other external variables include comfort, privacy, safety, and clean, aesthetic surroundings (Watson, 1979). Continuous growth for developing and maturing within a transpersonal caring model is ongoing. Found inside – Page 411However, there is some confusion about the precise definition of intersubjectivity because that term is defined only in conjunction with transpersonal caring. Although the language Watson uses may not be clear to all readers, ... formation of humanistic ( a person having a strong interest in or concern for human welfare, values, and dignity) altruistic (showing of disinterested and selfless concern for the well being of others; unselfish) system of values (carative factor). Watson thinks, in this concept, that caring for one's self is vital to caring for other individuals (George, 2010). The helpful and caring nature of these relationships helps in extending unconditional love to others and responding to their requests in times of need. in Australia (1982), a Fulbright Research and Lecture Award to Sweden and other parts of Scandinavia (1991), and a lecture tour in the United Kingdom (1993). The illness does not necessarily mean disease but is any form of disharmony within a person or his/her soul and may be affecting the individual consciously or sub consciously. Each has a dynamic phenomenological component that is relative to the individuals involved in the relationship as encompassed by nursing. To her, nursing consists of “knowledge, thought, values, philosophy, commitment, and action, with some degree of passion” (p. 53). a unity of mind/body/soul/spirit/natture. This means the ultimate purpose or goal of the nursing profession is to give the patient relative level of coordination or harmony within themselves so as to achieve self-healing and the ability to provide care to themselves based on the acquired knowledge(Watson 2006). Found inside – Page 278The concepts of partnership, healing, reverence, unconditional regard, empathy, genuineness, spirituality, ... Watson introduces the transpersonal caring process as a means of communicating on a soul-to-soul level with another. I had an urgent Week 5 discussion post, i ordered for a 2 page on an 8 hour deadline, the writer submitted it in 4 hours. Cultivation of Sensitivity to Self and to Others. It is included to provide a thought-provoking experience leading to a better understanding of the self and others. This concept of human caring may be analyzed on three perspectives and … The context calls for a “sense of reverence and sacredness with regard to life and all living things. Tap card to see definition . The conscious will of the nurse affirms the subjective and spiritual significance of the patient while seeking to sustain caring in the midst of threat and despair—biological, institutional, or otherwise. . She states further, “It (Human Science) is a theory because it helps me ‘to see’ more broadly (clearly)” (p. 1). Using the original and evolving 10 carative factors, the nurse provides care to various patients. Nursing also entails promoting healthy lifestyles and coming up with ways of preventing illness of mental social or physical body components. Her second book has been translated into Chinese, German, Japanese, Korean, Swedish, Norwegian, Danish, and probably other languages by now. Her third book, Postmodern Nursing and Beyond (1999), was presented as a model to bring nursing practice into the twenty-first century. This book leads the reader through thought-provoking experiences and the sacredness of nursing by emphasizing deep inner reflection and personal growth, communication skills, use of self-transpersonal growth, and attention to both caring science and healing through forgiveness, gratitude, and surrender. She believes that study of the humanities expands the mind and enhances thinking skills and personal growth. Empathy is the ability to experience and, thereby, understand the other person’s perceptions and feelings and to communicate those understandings. These are the physical mental and social components. The care giver should be ready and willing to meet the needs of the patient. Humanistic and altruistic values are learned early in life but can be influenced greatly by nurse educators. “Being present to, and supportive of, the expression of positive and negative feelings as a connection with deeper spirit and self and the one-being-cared for” The tidal model of mental health recovery, 1. Margaret Jean Harman Watson, PhD, RN, AHN-BC, FAAN, was born in southern West Virginia and grew up during the 1940s and 1950s in the small town of Welch, West Virginia, in the Appalachian Mountains. The nurse’s own life history, previous experiences, opportunities for focused study, having lived through or experienced various human conditions, and having imagined others’ feelings in various circumstances are valuable teachers for this work; to some degree, the knowledge and consciousness needed can be gained through work with other cultures and study of the humanities (art, drama, literature, personal story, narratives of illness journeys, etc. Many patients always suffer and may harbor negative thoughts and feelings about themselves or others. Found inside – Page 138A theory is an organized set of related ideas and concepts that helps us: □ Find meaning in our experiences (such as nursing) ... For example, Watson assumed nursing had its own professional concepts and that one of them was caring. 1. In this way the care giver is able to respect the human dignity of the patient as though it were his/hers. The combination of ethical and personal aspects in management of patients makes the entire process of treatment focus on the patient as a human who needs assistance to be whole again as opposed to the use of only a scientific approach that aims at offering cure to an illness without the actual consideration of the patients human value. THEORETICAL SOURCES An introduction to the work of an esteemed American philosopher, whose integral approach to human consciousness blends Western psychology with Eastern spirituality Ever since the publication of his first book, The Spectrum of Consciousness, ... It looks at the person as an integral part that requires all the necessary attention. Conversely, Watson describes curing as a medical term that refers to the elimination of disease (Watson, 1979). It incorporates both art and science, as they are also being redefined, acknowledging a convergence between the two” (Watson, 2007, para. Caring Science helps us to embrace the positive energy that flows from an integrated mind, body and spirit and is mutually rewarding to both the patient and the nurse. phenomenology describes data of the immediate situation that help people understand the phenomena in question. Systematic Use of the Scientific Problem-Solving Method for Decision Making “The assistance with gratification of human needs” In this perspective therefore she states that the science of caring goes hand in hand with the science of curing. The carative approach allows for integration in the use of scientific techniques of problem solving and the social aspect. The theory is based on assumptions touching on human life the science of nursing and the nursing process. Using the original and evolving 10 carative factors, the nurse provides care to various patients. Get to know about Dr. Watson's nursing theory, its major concepts, assumptions, and application to nursing in this study guide. 6. As Watson developed her theory of human caring, one of her original definitions of transpersonal was as follows: "Transpersonal refers to an inter-subjective human-human relationship in which the person of the nurse affects and is affected by the person of the other. All Rights Reserved. Watson points out that Carl Rogers’ phenomenological approach, with his view that nurses are not here to manipulate and control others but rather to understand, was profoundly influential at a time when “clinicalization” (therapeutic control and manipulation of the patient) was considered the norm (Watson, personal communication, August 31, 2000). The Fourth Edition addresses both basic and advanced strategies for integrating complementary and alternative interventions into the clinical practice. Caritas processes include a decidedly spiritual dimension and overt evocation of love and, Nurses must recognize the influence that internal and external environments have on the health and illness of individuals. It contains broad ideas and addresses health-illness phenomena. In effective planning of the patient care I would choose the most appropriate techniques of data collectionfor instance carrying out lab tests or interviewing the patient in addition to determining what test to carry out and from what patient. Found insideThrough stories of caring moments, transpersonal journeys, and ongoing evolution, Caritas Coaching provides nurses and other caregivers a deep, intimate look at how to integrate Caring Science into their practice. After moving to Colorado, Watson continued her nursing education and graduate studies at the University of Colorado. Watson (1999) believes that nursing must be challenged to construct and co-construct ancient and new knowledge toward an ever-evolving humanity of possibilities to further clarify nursing for a new era. This association also helps in motivating the hopeless giving them a renewed impetus to live in a meaningful way.This challenge is common in patients with terminal illness (Watson & Smith 2002). 8. "Focusing on the content that students need to know for effective practice, this text offers engaging, evidence-based coverage of the aging process, factors contributing to healthy aging, and unique aspects of disease presentation and ... The caring-healing paradigm is located within a cosmology that is both metaphysical and transcendent with the co-evolving human in the universe. Watson was appointed dean of the University of Colorado School of Nursing and Associate Director of Nursing Practice at University Hospital from 1983 to 1990. 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