This report assesses economic growth and development risks and opportunities for African countries in two scenarios of future climate changes: a low scenario that until mid-century is consistent with the Paris Agreement (well below 2˚C, pursue 1.5°C) and a high-warming scenario (2˚C by 2050, exceeding 4˚C by 2100). There is growing recognition worldwide that environmental concerns need to be at the forefront of the global sustainable development agenda. While average global . Food experts said there is no single factor behind the crisis, but that worsening droughts linked to climate change alongside a fragile food system and the economic impacts of COVID-19 have all . As well as its serious impact on the environment and people, climate change is one of the biggest threats to economic stability. Farming in South Africa is under . These challenges include land degradation, deforestation, biodiversity loss, and other climate-related vulnerabilities. Here's what needs to be done. Found insideThe purpose of this book is to document the effects of climate change on agriculture in Africa and to discuss strategies for adaptation to hotter weather and less predictable rainfall. In 2011, The Economist, which in 2000 referred to the continent as ' hopeless Africa', headlined an . Deadline: 14-May-21 African Economic Research Consortium (AERC) is inviting Research Proposals on Climate Change and Economic Development in Africa - country case studies which seek to deepen understanding of environmental challenges and climate change mitigation and adaptation measures by paying greater attention to nuances in specific countries in Africa. and Hassan, R.M. Rather, it is an opportunity to introduce you to some of the real people of South Africa who will be expected to live through these climatic shifts. Studies conducted by the Department for International Development show the potential economic impact of climate change in Nigeria is between 6 - 30% of GDP between $100 - $460 billion- A wide . There has been a lot more positive reporting on Africa's situation in recent years. A higher impact of 0.41 percentage point was however observed when the sample period was reduced to 1961 to 2000 indicating a reduction in the . Hotter temperatures and changes in rainfall patterns will have an impact on. Example s include . "Understanding the impact of climate change on development priorities in Africa - and adapting economies, societies, natural resource management practices, energy investments, budget and . Extreme weather: Volatile weather is a hallmark of climate change, and it can manifest in any number of ways -- droughts, floods, severe storms, heat waves, cold snaps, frosts. This publication, prepared jointly by the WHO, the World Meteorological Organization and the United Nations Environment Programme, considers the public health challenges arising from global climate change and options for policy responses, ... CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTS, vULNERABILITy AND ADAPTATION IN ZIMBABWE I CLIMATE CHANGE I ii Executive summary THIS PAPER REVIEWS IMPACTS, VULNERABILITy AND adaptation to climate change in Zimbabwe, with the intention of providing a broad overview of the key issues related to climate change facing this particular country. Africa's environmental challenges threaten not only the continent's public health but also its economy and social fabric. The first of three books in IFPRI's climate change in Africa series, West African Agriculture and Climate Change: A Comprehensive Analysis examines the food security threats facing 11 of the countries that make up West Africa -- Benin, ... This change requires broadening the engagement of stakeholders in the post-MDG process, which is imperative to move beyond the reliance on expert insiders and donor communities in the Global North (Grant, 2015). Nearly 20 years ago, the World Health Organisation (WHO) conducted a study that measured the impact of . Heatwaves make us less able to work and reduce productivity. The response of net revenue from crop and livestock agriculture across various farm types and systems in Africa to changes in climate normals (i.e. In Nigeria, for example, "A sea level rise of one meter could displace 6.3 million people in Lagos alone and change the spatial distribution and density of both formal and informal urban settlements” (Grant, 2015). Schimmelpfennig et al. Moreover, Africa's environmental health is deteriorating in both rural and urban settings, causing an increase in poverty and hampering development. Economics of Adaptation to Climate Change • Key impact/adaptation channels (WB, 2010). Fourth, more funding is needed to promote sustainable development practices, such as creating more resilient communities and climate-proofing cities to help Africans prepare for and respond to the inevitable impacts of climate change (Grant, 2015). The objective of this paper is to determine the ability of farmers in Africa to detect climate change, and to ascertain how they have adapted to whatever climate change they believe has occurred. This study examines the impact of climate change on crop farming in Cameroon. In the context of South Africa's socio-economic development and threatened ecosystem, it is of utmost importance that citizens become informed about the effects that climate change is having on the country and its biodiversity. Literature Review of the Impact of Climate Change on Economic Development in Northern Ghana Opportunities and Activities Emily Darko with Luke Atazona Overseas Development Institute August 2013 . Implementing sustainable development policies and practices across the continent will require a substantial transformation of its energy, industrial, urban, and agricultural systems, plus a movement away from resource-intensive and energy-intensive growth (Grant, 2015). This report synthesizes the results of country and sector studies on the economic costs and benefits of unilateral and regional actions on climate change in the Asian Development Bank's six South Asia developing members, namely Bangladesh, ... The Stern Review is an independent, rigourous and comprehensive analysis of the economic aspects of this crucial issue. i EPS-PEAKS is a consortium of organisations that provides Economics and Private Sector Professional Evidence and Applied Knowledge Services to the DfID. According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, the vulnerability of Africa to climate change is driven by a range of factors that include weak adaptive capacity, high dependence on ecosystem goods for livelihoods, and less developed agricultural production systems. While Africa has contributed negligibly to the changing climate, with just about two to three percent of global emissions, it stands out disproportionately as the most vulnerable region in the world. Given the high burden of disease already associated with environmental factors in this region, this temperature increase may lead to gr … Human health impacts in a changing South African climate S Afr Med J. THE ECONOMIC IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON AGRICULTURE IN CAMEROON1 Ernest L Molua and Cornelius M Lambi2 1 An earlier version of this Working Paper was published as CEEPA Discussion Paper number 17. Like many other developing countries, South Africa is especially vulnerable to the impacts of climate change (Kreft, Eckstein and Melchior, 2017). Increasing temperature will lead to accelerating economic losses. •To effectively manage the inevitable climate change impacts through interventions that build and sustain South Africa's social, economic and environmental resilience and emergency response capacity; and •To make a fair contribution to the global effort to stabilise greenhouse gas (GHG) concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that avoids dangerous anthropogenic interference with the . This work assesses . Dialogue on Sustainability and Climate Change, IDA Proceedings: 8th Biennial Symposium on the Impacts of an Ice-Diminishing Arctic on Naval and Maritime Operations, Interview with Eloy Terena, Indigenous Land Rights Activist in Brazil, In the Heat of the Moment: Climate Change in the Americas, Standing together for Alaska on the climate, No. and Hassan, R.M. (2005), ' Measuring the economic impact of climate change on major South African field crops: a Ricardian approach ', Global and Planetary Change 47 (2-4): 143 - 152. Our analysis indicates that it will cumulatively (2020-2100) cost Ghana US$473 million to maintain and repair damages caused to existing roads as a result of climate change (no adapt scenario). No meta-analysis was done to compile the impacts of climate change on maize production for economic analysis in the South African context. Abstract: This study uses the Ricardian approach to analyze the impact of climate change on Ethiopian agriculture and to describe farmer adaptations to varying environmental factors. Although environmental policies vary in each African country, the continent's general climate plan trajectory is not on a sustainable platform. Climate warming is caused by excess greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide which are heat trapping gasses. However, little has been done to assess its economic impact on road infrastructure. Climate change is projected to lead to warmer temperatures, especially in southern Africa, where the warming is predicted to be 2°C higher than the global increase. As the world struggles to grapple with rapid onset disasters as well as respond to slower degradation caused by climate change, it is critical to This work assesses the economic impact of climate change on road infrastructure using the stressor-response methodology. Beautifully illustrated and accessibly written, this book is an essential tool for helping businesses and governments prepare for the future. To foster sustainable development in Africa, several policy solutions should be considered. For Africans to deal effectively with climate change, they should not be merely the recipients of advice but also participants in discussions on how to best deal with the challenge. As a result, wildfire management is becoming more important in order to reduce the damage to people, the economy and the environment. Nevertheless, a WHO assessment, taking into account only a subset of the possible health impacts, and assuming continued economic growth and health progress, concluded that climate change is expected to cause approximately 250 000 additional deaths per year between 2030 and 2050; 38 000 due to heat exposure in . The IMF has a role to play in helping its members address those challenges of climate change for which fiscal and macroeconomic policies are an important component of the appropriate policy response. Food insecurity, one of the key threats from climate change, will necessarily have a knock-on impact on people's health. According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, the stakes of climate change in Africa are high because a majority of its people make their livelihood from the land. African countries face a wide array of environmental problems that pose a major threat to people in the region. The economic impacts of climate change are the part of the economics of climate change related to the effects of climate change. Here's what needs to be done. First, African countries can expand access to energy. 4 Midgley, G. et al. Net farm revenue is regressed against various climate, soil, hydrological and socio-economic variables to help determine the factors that influence variability in net farm revenues. mean rainfall and . The continent's biggest environmental challenges are water pollution, air pollution, and droughts, which directly impact the health of Africans. It highlights the risks to which African countries are exposed and the benefits of mitigation for economic growth and development. Climate Change and Global Poverty makes concrete recommendations to integrate international development and climate protection strategies. "In African contexts, sustainability must incorporate improvements in housing, living, and working conditions for the poor to complement environmental initiatives" (Grant, 2015). Projected impacts of climate change on Africa include biodiversity loss (extinction of plant and animal species), diminished agriculture with increased hunger, increased disease, forced migration of populations (especially out of the Sahel), and more. For the continent's development to be sustainable, its countries need to focus on five inter-related dimensions of sustainability: economic, social, ecological, physical, and political. Furthermore, this book presents smart strategies for increased agricultural production, reduced food waste, and enhanced nutritional outcomes by harnessing the latest discoveries in agricultural research, education and advisory services. The economic impacts of climate change in South Africa will mainly be felt in terms of changes in production throughout the primary sector, which will affect value added to national income as well as people's livelihoods within this sector. To better understand how climate change will impact African agriculture, a recent report by the McKinsey Global Institute models the impact of changing precipitation and temperature patterns on . Available data shows a decrease of 53.4% of small-scale revenue, a 6.9% reduction in small-scale aquaculture . The warming atmosphere in turn accelerates the hydrologic cycle by increasing its water holding capacity (7% increase per degree C increase) and by increasing potential evapotranspiration (2% increase per degree C increase). Th e paper concludes with recommenda- tions and a suggested way forward. South African National Botanical Institute, Cape Town. Climate change scenarios for many Sub-Saharan African countries including Ghana indicate that temperatures will increase while rainfall will either increase or decrease. With these recognized limitations . This book examines the impact of climate change on water as well as health. Additionally, using document analysis, observation, and data on farms' production input and output values, the economic impact of climate change on fish farms was assessed. Furthermore, since agriculture accounts for the primary share of Africa's economic activity, the continent is especially vulnerable to climate change—yet is comprised of national economies that are ill-equipped to adapt. Many African countries have already begun to do this. Climate change scenarios for many Sub-Saharan African countries including Ghana indicate that temperatures will increase while rainfall will either increase or decrease. Afri-can policymakers should prioritize climate change adapta-tion and mitigation strategies in the development agenda of 2014 and beyond in . While climate change is global, the poor are disproportionately vulnerable to its effects. 8, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1280367/, BBC News, "How Africa Will be Affected by Climate Change," BBC News, (December 2019), https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-50726701, Amadou Sy, "Africa: Financing Adaptation and Mitigation in the World's Most Vulnerable Region," Brookings Institution, (February 2016), https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/global_20160818_cop21_africa.pdf, Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala, "Africa Can Play a Leading Role in the Fight Against Climate Change," Brookings Institution, (January 2020), https://www.brookings.edu/research/africa-can-play-a-leading-role-in-the-fight-against-climate-change/, Caroline Kende-Robb, "Five Steps to Save Africa from Climate Change," World Economic Forum, (December 2015), https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2015/12/5-steps-to-save-africa-from-climate-change/, OECD, "Policies to Enhance Sustainable Development," Organization for Economic Co-Operation and Development, (April 2001), https://www.oecd.org/greengrowth/1869800.pdf. The work of the Environment and Energy Unit is focused on supporting the Government of South Africa to realize its national priorities to green the economy focusing on two key outputs: firstly, promoting sustainable energy for all through technical advisory services on needed policies and climate-resilient development strategies . i EPS-PEAKS is a consortium of organisations that provides Economics and Private Sector Professional Evidence and Applied Knowledge Services to the DfID. Tol f,g,h,i, and Claudia Ringler c a Research unit Sustainability and Global Change, Hamburg University and Centre for Marine and Atmospheric Science, Hamburg, Germany b International Max Planck Research School on Earth System Modelling . Impact of climate change could become serious public health problem for southern Africa. It is widely acknowledged that Africa is the continent most vulnerable to climate change and the least equipped to cope. This Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Special Report (IPCC-SREX) explores the challenge of understanding and managing the risks of climate extremes to advance climate change adaptation. Displacement due to environmental change has been on the rise across the continent. Our results show that a 1 degree Celsius increase in temperature reduces GDP growth by 0.27 percentage point for the region. Modelling the Economic Impacts of Climate Change in South Africa . Agriculture and climate changes are closely linked. Agriculture has a significant impact on the process of climate change. There is uncertainty surrounding the implications of climate change for agricultural production. Overview . In short, for Africa to achieve sustainable development in the face of the grave threat of global climate change, it is vital to increase funding, integrate more local perspectives into the policymaking process, and demand greater accountability from companies that heavily pollute. 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