river nile water conflicts case study

Therefore, further construction of dams need technical hands with the idea not to bring further distortion in the environment. Water resources have been the source of political tension across continents including the Middle East - the region located in southwestern Asia renowned for its arid climate and water scarcity. Chiefly, the summer monsoon spreads poleward from near the equator in both hemispheres, although in southern Africa the wet season progresses northwestward from the southeast coast. The objective of this paper is to present a decision case study to be taken by an international committee that should set strategies for the resolution of the water conflict through the harmonious exploitation of the Nile. • Examples of water conflicts and its current status. It is noted that state interaction in the field of water management is conflict driven and not followed by fruitful cooperation. The River Nile, which is the longest river in the world; begins in the Equatorial Lakes Plateau and descends towards the Mediterranean Sea on the northern borders of Egypt, with a total length of more than 6800 km. Application of the " proximity principle " through the establishment of WWTPs at contamination sources constitutes a preferable strategy for reducing contamination by EDCs and other pollutants to ensure minimization of public health risks due to the pollution of streams and underlying potable groundwater. The problematic water situation in Egypt, as one of the River Nile basin countries, has been heightened by the harmful effects of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD) on Egypt’s share of the Nile water. This is probably attributed to the different interests of the 11 riparian countries and political instability in the region, and to the absence of regional institutions that govern water management issues in the basin. PhD thesis, Faculty of Economics and Political Science, Cairo University, pp 197-201 (in Arabic) Google Scholar These are joined by the At-bara River north of Khartoum, Sudan. number of reservoirs), and the problem rapidly becomes intractable. The Nile River's water conflict can be resolved if Egypt is taken its majority ownership over the Nile's water. In the long term—if all goes well—it could lead to regional cooperation and economic growth in all three countries. The conflict can be resolved if the countries that rely on the water can agree on a fair share of the water depending on population and on other water resources these countries might have This potential solution seems unlikely to occur since Egypt is reluctant to give up its . This book focuses on the issues that face all international river basins by examining in detail the Nile Basin and the ten countries that lay claim to its waters. Monika. Case study facts: … », Geography help on river passing through many countries.. ». The results are not so good for comparisons of daily rainfall. GREAT Med contributes to the development of an integrated and endstream endobj 905 0 obj <>/Metadata 105 0 R/Outlines 164 0 R/Pages 895 0 R/StructTreeRoot 171 0 R/Type/Catalog>> endobj 906 0 obj <>/MediaBox[0 0 612 792]/Parent 896 0 R/Resources<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI]/XObject<>>>/Rotate 0/StructParents 0/Tabs/S/Type/Page>> endobj 907 0 obj <>stream Natural resources that extend or transit beyond international borders require agreements or cooperation between countries on their fair use and management. ��� ��� The installed power generation capacity of 6,000 MW is expected to be generated by 16 Francis Turbines each with 375 MW capacity located at the foot of the main dam. The core idea is using the Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) for designing neural policies which well approximate the optimal multi-reservoir network management policy obtained by an open-loop approach. Solutions being used. Past and recent experiences indicate that the complex and politically sensitive issues of international watersheds cannot be resolved unilaterally, but rather require a genuine cooperation and commitment between countries, in addition to an understanding and acknowledgement of each others' needs. Polyethylene plastic bottles (1 Liter capacity) ,���Ҟk~��~���$H����h.�ٓ`�X��LMɈ��!��Y�;�֘i�^�@C�q�l>N� �����gG ����a�CP��b��.-��r)(�:��%����Bi��TD9�)5>N�y��@�`ê�ދ��*j/4�cц@���F��2��_@-T}�ʸb��n.y��h j+��7��2�j&�(��T�n����\�a��Q�E� ��؃\b�.� ��&a�jb6���b� 5��Tm�n�F�\U��A6��l`��Del�&NX���H�)WU�|�E���5�ޜ׋Au'�f�FD�%/����e��HL���'\�`�1��y���V*���`ӟ�a�T���� q�8` �|�k�. 921 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[]/Index[904 31]/Info 903 0 R/Length 94/Prev 576370/Root 905 0 R/Size 935/Type/XRef/W[1 3 1]>>stream The constructed threat of an attack by flooding by North Korea and the consequent alleged need for the Peace Dam were part of a scheme by Chun to maintain political power through the securitisation of water, specifically by establishing North Korea as an external enemy and unifying the South Korean people. ... Due to the geomorphologic structure of northeastern Africa, more than half of the Nile course flows through countries such as Sudan and Egypt with almost no effective rainfall. We assure you that the result will be worthy of your time . The need for a more sustainable and equitable framework governing management measures capable of meeting the needs of riparian states and ensuring sustainability within the basin is highlighted. Case Study on Death and Dying . Experts in the field were consulted through an ad hoc questionnaire and interviews. You can request the full-text of this article directly from the authors on ResearchGate. (South-North Water Transfer Project) - Beijing Region has 35% of population and 47% of arable land but only 7% of water. 1 Case Study of Transboundry Dispute Resolution: the Nile waters Agreement Authors: Aaron T. Wolf and Joshua T. Newton 1. Found insideThe Middle East Water Question is a major book by one of the world's leading authorities on water issues. River Nile Water Conflicts Case Study, essays on how family effects one self and communication with others, home automation using iot case study, graphic design … The starting point for this book is that actors within transboundary water management institutions develop responses to the climate change debate, as distinct from the physical phenomenon of climate change. 65 km stretch along Rosetta River Nile branch at almost To read the full-text of this research, you can request a copy directly from the authors. The basin is the home of over 20 million people in 10 countries providing basic livelihoods for agriculture, fishing, tourism, recreation, power generation and domestic water supply (. The articles of the agreements, many of which are now outdated, narrow the concept of water to a resource and afford preferential access to the lowest riparian states, ensuring they get sufficient water throughout the year. From there, the treated seawater will go through desalination process. of basin management institutions as the assumed panacea to challenges evident in this sector has not Measures have been proposed to alleviate potential water shortages, including improved utilization of water in Egypt, and construction of numerous dams and canals. were used to collect water samples. Despite these existing agreements, there are no mechanisms to facilitate sharing the costs of managing the catchments or the benefits accrued from water use among riparian states. fish farmer had lost 30,000 trout following the diversion of the Likii river for irrigation upstream. In-depth analysis of the Evaluation of allocation scenarios of the Nile waters revealed that allocation based on the 1959 Water Agreement does not guarantee sustainable utilization and does not comply with the UN Convention. • To foster the transfer of knowledge and expertise on conservation and management of coastal areas The Nile River is the longest river in the world, stretching over 6000 km across various climates, landscapes, cultures, and countries. *�OY��cS�2P�u�.�=�����>�$�X���x �)��'�ԓ:Ə���(y�U�1����mG�����o̧�Fi��\�* �,�E��np�>^��b+��l~~��1~����a���0h��)�ˡo�du��3A\�G��;����Q�K�ފ~��� No in-stream attenua-tion was observed along the stream and in the sediments within the Palestinian region. seek to improve the competencies and skills of key actors in implementing the broad range of activities 1e�|0������������;0C�����$�ż�|�|�:��sy��D���3ȿO`քDJ,����8bt�q\-�47��Dx�f3p�� Q�� � �Z�� The river has two main tributaries: the White Nile originating in Burundi, and the Blue Nile rising in Ethiopia. Throughout the world, water is becoming increasingly scarce and competition for the resource in local and international transboundary rivers is growing. water. Receive quotes from our writers and chat with your preferred writers within minutes! Currently, Egypt uses approximately 79% of the annual flow, Sudan 20% and Ethiopia less than 1%, while the other seven riparian countries use negligible amounts. The legitimacy of the Chun regime was vulnerable because of diverse factors such as internal and external crises inherited from the previous regime and Chun’s rise to power through a military coup and civilian massacres. Water scarcity hotspots According to the International Water Management Institute environmental research organisation global water stress is increasing, and 1/3 rd of all people face some sort of water scarcity. Although the Nile River stretches for more than 4,000 miles, its waters are a finite resource, and now 11 countries and millions of people depend on the waters for their livelihoods. The importance of quality essay writers. 0 By comparison with the developed world, the national agricultural research systems (NARS) in developing countries are weak, often with ineffective extension programs, as typified by the West Asia-North Africa (WANA) region, which is served by the International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA). zwischen den Nil-Anrainern diplomatisch vermitteln, wären somit eher geeignet, einen Konflikt zu vermeiden, als das derzeitige Engagement deutscher EZ in der ägyptischen Landwirtschaft. Rosetta River Nile branch, El-Beheira governorate, Egypt. There are river basin initiatives for all Africa's major shared rivers -the Okavango Basin Initiative between Namibia and Botswana, the Zambezi River Basin Initiative (managed under the Southern African Development Community's Water Sector International Cooperating Partners Programme), the Lake Chad Basin Commission and the Nile Basin Initiative -which all aim to regulate the use of the remaining water resources. The construction of the Aswan Dam, which was authorized by a Nile Waters . If Afghanistan constructs more dams on Kabul River or on its tributaries, it will have negative impacts on Khyber Pukhtunkhwa province. Thus, demand for capacity-building interventions in this area. Pre-colonial, colonial and post-colonial claims and assertions of water rights are being challenged due to growing population, awareness and water demand. A new dam on the Nile could trigger a war over water unless Ethiopia can agree a deal with Egypt and Sudan, writes the BBC's Africa . Although in reality not all upstream nations (UN) have the same hydro-political interests (Waterbury 2002), here they are represented as one player, with shared options and preferences. On the basis of document research and interviews, this article investigates which factors opened up the space for politicising the project, and how this politicisation played out in both the domestic and international domain. Game theory can provide valuable insights into strategic water resources conflicts. evaluate suitability of Nile water for irrigation usage, in Endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) frequently enter surface waters via discharges from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), as well as from industrial and agricultural activities, creating environmental and health concerns. Many investigations have been directed to address water quality at the global rivers such as Amazon River (Affonso et al., 2011), Xingu River (Rodrigues-Filho et al., 2015) and Ogun River (Adebayo et al., 2017). The study argues that Egypt has only some of the characteristics of a so-called ‘anchor country’: In particular, it plays an important role for the long-term stability of the Middle East and North Africa as developments in Egypt have a high symbolic significance for all countries in the region and are therefore watched carefully by everybody within and outside the region. That is what the present book sets out to explore, 33 years after the publi- tion of “The Nile: Biology of an Ancient River”. Thirty-seven authors have taken up the challenge, and have written the “new” book. In this region, the Nile basin, one of the most important water basins, is ensuring the basic livelihood of people living along the river. The main types of regional water conflicts are presented. By highlighting training at ICARDA and its mandate countries, we sought to give renewed focus on this important component of the mission of the Consultative Group on Agricultural Research (CGIAR). It then considers the applicability of existing international instruments to facilitate cooperation in the Nile Basin. The example of basin level water conflict in Turkey is used to illustrate this. This paper considers the way freshwater resources are perceived in an era of climate change. @E�렣�vue���lɖ ��ֺ�*�t. due to the relatively low relief of the dam site. - 3 routes take … Many Egyptians have seen the dam as a provocation, because its vast reservoir could retain nearly the annual average flow into Egypt. For these reasons, neural network (NN) based rules have been increasingly adopted in the last decade. River Nile Water Conflicts Case Study, where to list salary requirements on cover letter, how to write a 5 paragraph essay for ged, do college essays like … The framework is demonstrated and discussed to allocate water resources along the Nile river basin, where there exist eleven competing users represented as agents in various sectors with upstream -downstream relationships and different water demands and availability. Days of Staar English Ii Essay Prompts stress are over now … This apportions most of the water to Egypt and the former Sudan, which makes other riparian states hardly meet their water demand, leading to series of conflicts and issues about the water resource negotiation. Managing the basin’s water resources is complex because of its trans-boundary nature, exacerbated by environmental degradation and strong climate variability. %PDF-1.6 %���� The Nile River Basin (NRB) plays a central role in the conflict over water. 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